- Potato starch — 40 g
- Sugar — 30 g
- Water — 400 ml
- Red bean paste — as needed
にほんブログ村
にほんブログ村
多言語学習ランキング
古典ギリシャ語と英独伊語学習、そして信仰の証や日常を多言語で綴っています
(スマホで見れない場合は、こちらをクリックして下さい。)
現在、Sandi Patty(旧Patti)のYouTubeで「The Lord's Prayer(主の祈り)」が聴けることを嬉しく思います。30数年前転職活動中に、キリスト教書店で彼女の美しい歌声に出会いました。面接の帰りで落ち込んでいましたが、彼女の歌声によって癒されたことを覚えています。
当時はカセットテープで、その後CDを購入しました。落ちたと思っていた会社も採用されて、嬉しかったという忘れられない思い出です。下記は彼女が歌っている歌詞で、これはKing James Versionそのままです。何度も聴いているうちに、英語の「主の祈り」をいつの間にか覚えました。
・・・Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name.
Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread.
And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.
And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil:
For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.
(Matthew 6:9-13 KJV)
かなり久しぶりになりますが、「主の祈り」の原書を調べてみました。古典ギリシャ語の原書(聖書アプリのTHGNT)は下記テキストに書いた通りです。word by wordの直訳は「Bible Hub」を使いました。下枠のNKJVはNew King James Versionで、私が個人的に原書に近いと思っている英語の聖書です。
黄緑色のフォントは動詞、オレンジ色は名詞になります。なお、文法的な詳細は、「Blue Letter Bible」をご参照下さい。(Blue Letter Bibleの英訳はNASB95ですが、対訳にブランクが多いので、NASB95は使っていません。)
προσεύχεσθε(プロセウケスセ)
語根:προσεύχομαι(プロセウコマイ:祈る)
English:pray
意味:祈りなさい
文法:動詞・現在・命令法・2人称・複数
πάτερ(パテル)
語根:πατήρ(パテール:父)
English:Father
意味:父よ
文法:名詞・呼格・男性・単数
οὐρανοῖς(ウラノイス)
語根:οὐρανός(ウラノス:天、空)
English:heavens
意味:天
文法:名詞・与格・男性・複数
ἁγιασθήτω(ハギアステートー)
語根:ἁγιάζω(ハギアゾー:聖別する、聖なるものとする)
English:let it be sanctified / hallowed
意味:聖なるものとされますように
文法:動詞・アオリスト・受動態・命令法・3人称・単数
ὄνομά(オノマ)
語根:ὄνομα(オノマ:名前、名)
English:name
意味:名、御名
文法:名詞・主格・中性・単数
οὐρανοῖς は「天」を意味する οὐρανός の複数形で、直訳すれば heavens ですが、英語聖書では自然な英語として heaven と訳されています。聖書ギリシャ語では「天」は単数形でも複数形でも表されます。実際すぐ後(10節)には単数形の οὐρανῷ が使われています。
ἐλθέτω(エルセトー)
語根:ἔρχομαι(エルコマイ:来る)
English:let come
意味:来ますように
文法:動詞・アオリスト・能動態・命令法・3人称・単数
βασιλεία(バシレイア)
語根:βασιλεία(バシレイア:王国、支配)
English:kingdom / reign
意味:王国、支配、御国
文法:名詞・主格・女性・単数
γενηθήτω(ゲネーテートー)
語根:γίνομαι(ギノマイ:なる、生じる、起こる)
English:let be done
意味:実現しますように、行われますように
文法:動詞・アオリスト・受動態形(意味は「なる・生じる」)・命令法・3人称・単数
θέλημά(セレーマ)
語根:θέλημα(セレーマ:意志、望み)
English:will
意味:意志、御心
文法:名詞・主格・中性・単数
οὐρανῷ(ウラノー)
語根:οὐρανός(ウラノス:天)
English:heaven
意味:天
文法:名詞・与格・男性・単数
γῆς(ゲース)
語根:γῆ(ゲー:地、大地)
English:earth
意味:地
文法:名詞・属格・女性・単数
NKJVの「Your kingdom come.」の come は comes の間違いではなく、願いや祈りを表す仮定法です。「May Your kingdom come.」とすると意味が分かりやすく、「あなたの御国が来ますように」という意味になります。
同様に 「Your will be done.」も「May Your will be done.」となり、「あなたの御心が行われますように」という意味です。
ἄρτον(アルトン)
語根:ἄρτος(アルトス:パン)
English:bread
意味:パン
文法:名詞・対格・男性・単数
δὸς(ドス)
語根:δίδωμι(ディドーミ:与える)
English:give
意味:与えてください
文法:動詞・アオリスト・能動態・命令法・2人称・単数
「τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον」 は、直訳すると 「the bread of us, the daily」のような語順です。ἡμῶν は “our(私たちの)”、後半の τὸν ἐπιούσιον は前の τὸν ἄρτον(the bread) を修飾しており、全体で “our daily bread” となります。冠詞と形容詞が τὸν ~ τὸν ἐπιούσιον と同じ男性・単数・対格になっています。
ἄφες(アフェス)
語根:ἀφίημι(アフィエーミ:放す、去らせる、赦す)
English:forgive / release
意味:赦してください
文法:動詞・アオリスト・能動態・命令法・2人称・単数
ὀφειλήματα(オフェイレーマタ)
語根:ὀφείλημα(オフェイレーマ:負債、借り)
English:debts
意味:負債、負っているもの
文法:名詞・対格・中性・複数
ἀφήκαμεν(アフェーカメン)
語根:ἀφίημι(アフィエーミ:放す、赦す)
English:we forgave / we have forgiven
意味:私たちは赦しました
文法:動詞・アオリスト・能動態・直説法・1人称・複数
ὀφειλέταις(オフェイレタイス)
語根:ὀφειλέτης(オフェイレテース:負債のある人、債務者)
English:debtors
意味:負債のある人々、私たちに負い目のある人々
文法:名詞・与格・男性・複数
日本語の主の祈りそのものでは「罪」となっており、口語訳では「負債」となっています。原語の ὀφειλήματα(opheilēmata)は、文字どおりには「負債、借り(debts)」という意味です。ここでは、神に対する「罪」を「負債」にたとえて表しています。続く ὀφειλέταις(opheiletais)も「負債を負っている人々(debtors)」という意味です。
εἰσενέγκῃς(エイセネンケース)
語根:εἰσφέρω(エイスフェロー:中へ運ぶ、導き入れる)
English:bring / lead into
意味:導き入れる
文法:動詞・アオリスト・能動態・接続法・2人称・単数
πειρασμόν(ペイラスモン)
語根:πειρασμός(ペイラスモス:試み、試練、誘惑)
English:temptation / trial / testing
意味:試み、試練、誘惑
文法:名詞・対格・男性・単数
ῥῦσαι(ルーサイ)
語根:ῥύομαι(ルオマイ:救い出す、解放する)
English:deliver / rescue
意味:救い出してください
文法:動詞・アオリスト・中動態・命令法・2人称・単数
ἐστιν(エスティン)
語根:εἰμί(エイミ:~である、存在する)
English:is
意味:~です、~である
文法:動詞・現在・能動態・直説法・3人称・単数
βασιλεία(バシレイア)
語根:βασιλεία(バシレイア:王国、支配)
English:kingdom / reign
意味:国、王国、支配
文法:名詞・主格・女性・単数
δύναμις(ドゥナミス)
語根:δύναμις(ドゥナミス:力、能力)
English:power
意味:力、権能
文法:名詞・主格・女性・単数
δόξα(ドクサ)
語根:δόξα(ドクサ:栄光、栄誉)
English:glory
意味:栄光、栄え
文法:名詞・主格・女性・単数
αἰῶνας(アイオーナス)
語根:αἰών(アイオーン:時代、世、永遠)
English:ages
意味:時代、世々
文法:名詞・対格・男性・複数
ἀμήν(アメーン)
語根:ἀμήν(アーメン、まことに)
English:amen / truly
意味:アーメン、まことに、そのとおりです
文法:ヘブライ語
最後の部分は「頌栄」と呼ばれます。初期の重要なギリシャ語写本にはなく、口語訳や新改訳、NIVなどでは聖書本文に含まれていません。一方、後代の写本にはこの頌栄を含むものがあり、KJVやNKJVでは本文に採用されています。
日本の教会の礼拝では、古くから主の祈りの結びとして用いられ、現在も多くのプロテスタントの教会で唱えられています。個人で祈る場合も同様です。なお、実際のお祈りは、翻訳の日本語とは違って、このようになっています。
天にましますわれらの父よ。ねがわくは御名をあがめさせたまえ。
御国をきたらせたまえ。みこころの天になるごとく、地にもなさせたまえ。
我らの日用の糧を、今日も与えたまえ。
我らに罪をおかす者を、我らがゆるすごとく、我らの罪をもゆるしたまえ。
我らをこころみにあわせず、悪より救いいだしたまえ。
国とちからと栄とは、限りなくなんじのものなればなり。アーメン。
神はあなたがたをかえりみていて下さるのであるから、自分の思いわずらいを、いっさい神にゆだねるがよい。 (ペテロの第一の手紙 5:7 )
Since I find most recent TV programs rather boring, I've been watching Korean dramas on SKY PerfecTV!. The other day, I happened to watch The Sound of Music again for the first time in quite a while.
It stars Julie Andrews, one of my favorite actresses, and was filmed in Salzburg. I even own the DVD and have watched it countless times over the years.
These days, you can even watch movies on YouTube. Since the movie cannot be embedded directly here, I’ll post the URL below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0Ecqv3qPUw&t=863s
The video below features the song "Climb Every Mountain" sung in the movie. In this scene, the Mother Abbess sings to Maria after she returns to the abbey, confused about her future. Maria is torn between becoming a nun and returning to the von Trapp family.
The subtitles display both the lyrics and their translation. Here are some of the lyrics:
Climb every mountain
Search high and low
Follow every byway
Every path you know
Climb every mountain
Ford every stream
Follow every rainbow
‘Till you find your dream
It is a song of encouragement urging her not to simply hide in the abbey, but to discover the true mission God has given her. Here, the word "dream" means much more than simply a wish or personal ambition; it signifies the life calling or mission bestowed upon her by God.
Climb every mountain
Mountains symbolize life's difficulties and trials. The message is that you shouldn't give up just because things are hard; rather, you should climb the mountain if necessary.
Ford every stream
Ford is used here as a verb meaning to cross a river by walking through shallow water. It doesn't imply a safe path with a bridge. The image here is to keep moving forward, even if you get wet.
Search high and low
This means searching everywhere—both high and low.
Follow every byway
A byway is a side road or a less-traveled path. In life, we often take unexpected detours, but the song suggests that those detours are not wasted.
Every path you know
This seems to suggest that you should explore every path you know and gain experience along the way.
Follow every rainbow
It is a poetic way of encouraging us to move forward without losing hope. I think this song symbolizes the overall theme of "The Sound of Music".It is also heard again near the end of the movie, giving the audience a sense of hope and a bright future.
I've visited Salzburg four times over the years because I love both Mozart and The Sound of Music. Each visit brought back wonderful memories of this timeless film.
<Photos of the film's shooting locations>
These are quite old photos... While there, I spontaneously signed up for the "Original Sound of Music Tour" (an English-language bus tour) to visit the actual filming locations.
The von Trapp family home was actually created using two different locations: Leopoldskron Palace and Hellbrunn Palace. The photo below shows Leopoldskron Castle.
Below is another location: Hellbrunn Palace.
The scene where the eldest daughter, Liesl, and Rolf confess their feelings was particularly beautiful and romantic. They caught in a sudden thunderstorm and dashed inside, where they sang and danced to "You are sixteen, going on seventeen....♪”
I didn't learn until much later that when the movie was filmed, this gazebo was originally located on the grounds of Leopoldskron Castle. It was reportedly moved to Hellbrunn Palace to make it easier for tourists to visit and see.
This is St. Michael's Church, where the wedding scene between Maria and Captain von Trapp was filmed. It was a pastel-yellow building, similar in style to Mozart's Birthplace.
These are the "Do-Re-Mi Steps" in Mirabell Gardens. The bus tour concluded here.
------ to be continued -----
"As you mentioned, I think the second half is definitely more stable. ♪ Your voice really carries well in the second half—it sounds beautiful! Singing is a lifelong journey, so let's keep studying and improving together. I'm sure everyone looks forward to hearing you sing."
"La seconda parte è più stabile. ♪ La tua voce è bella e si sente molto bene. Continua a studiare e a cantare. Tutti aspettano con piacere di sentirti."
Recently, I watched Anne of Green Gables Full Story | Adventures of a Spirited Young Orphan on the Little Fox YouTube channel.
The complete animated story is about two hours long and consists of sixteen episodes. Each episode is fairly short, so learners do not have to watch the whole story at once. You can watch one episode a day or repeat the same episode several times.
Listening has always been more difficult for me than reading. However, I did not find the English in this series too difficult.
The story seems to have been made mainly for children, so the narration and dialogue are relatively clear. The characters do not speak as quickly as people often do in films or television dramas for adults.
Another advantage is that many people already know the story of Anne of Green Gables. Even when you cannot understand every word, you may be able to guess what is happening from the pictures and from your knowledge of the story.
Reading the Original Novel
The original novel by L. M. Montgomery can also be read free of charge on Project Gutenberg. It is available to read online and can also be downloaded in several formats.
Of course, the English in the original novel is more difficult than the English used in the animation. However, advanced learners may enjoy reading a chapter after watching the corresponding part of the story.
The animation can help learners understand the characters and events before they begin reading the original text.
Some adult learners may hesitate to use material created for children. However, children’s stories can be very useful for language learning.
The English is often clearer, the story is easy to follow, and the episodes are not too long. Most importantly, an enjoyable story makes it easier to continue studying.
I watched all sixteen episodes and enjoyed returning to the world of Anne Shirley. I think this animated series can be both entertaining and useful for English learners, especially those who find listening difficult.
Listening has always been one of my weaker skills. Even so, I was able to enjoy all sixteen episodes without feeling overwhelmed. Everyone has a different way of studying English, but I hope some of you will enjoy this series as much as I did.
(God heard the cry of my colleague's wife and led their whole family to our church.)
God hears every cry of the heart and every prayer. He remembers each one and faithfully prepares the path that is best for us.
As I write this testimony on December 23, 1997, Christmas always reminds me of my former colleague, S.Y., and his family.
Every Christmas Eve, I used to join our church's Christmas caroling outreach. But one particular year, for some reason, I simply didn't feel like going. Perhaps I just wanted to stay home because it was so cold. So I prayed and surrendered the matter to the Lord, deciding to follow whatever He led me to do.
On the evening of December 23, something completely unexpected happened. S.Y. called me, saying he wanted my address so he could send me a New Year's card. As we continued talking, he invited me to a Christmas party at his home the following evening. At that moment, I felt certain that this was the Lord's leading, so I accepted his invitation.
It was the first time I had met his wife, who was from Egypt. Since I didn't know that she spoke fluent Japanese, I spoke with her entirely in English. I eagerly shared how I had become a Christian, told her about Jesus, and explained the gift of praying in tongues.
To my surprise, she was the daughter of a pastor and belonged to a church where people also prayed in tongues. When she showed me a photograph of her father, I somehow felt reminded of our founding pastor.
The couple had been married in a church in Chiba, but because it was so far away, they found it difficult to attend worship services regularly. They also mentioned that they had once seen a poster advertising a Thanksgiving service at a church but had missed the opportunity to go. As we talked, we realized that the poster they had seen was from my church.
I couldn't help but feel that God had arranged this meeting.
That evening ended, and I returned home. Then, on the morning of our New Year's worship service, S.Y. suddenly called me again. He said that he and his family were planning to visit my church and asked if I could explain how to get there.
Although I didn't know the driving directions very well, God faithfully guided their family safely to our church.
That very day, both S.Y. and his wife received the baptism in the Holy Spirit. They continued worshipping at our church for several years until they eventually moved away.
Later, his wife told me something that deeply touched my heart. Although she spoke Japanese fluently, she had become exhausted by her husband's work-centered lifestyle. She had even prayed that God would allow her to separate from him and return to her home country.
It was at that very time that God led her to our church.
I had never once prayed specifically for S.Y. or his family. Yet God heard the prayer of his wife and, in His sovereign plan, chose to use someone she had never even met—me.
He simply reached down, picked me up, and used me to accomplish His purpose.
For that, I am truly grateful.
A Little Side Story
Incidentally, S.Y. was the very first person to call me "Heidi."
One day, out of the blue, I said to him, "From today on, please call me Heidi." 🤣
At the time, I had an amateur radio license and was planning to use the handle "Hidy" when making international radio contacts. Later, after I became interested in German, I changed the spelling to the German form, Heidi. 😊
------ to be continued -----
A friend of mine, T-san—a fellow fan I've known for more than ten years through our shared love of Supernova, CNBLUE, and FTISLAND—had purchased the tickets and kindly shared one with me. Although I left the official fan club during the pandemic, she still invites me to concerts and events from time to time.
I'm usually a very careful person, but what happened that day was something I never imagined would happen to me. 😅
Perhaps because of the heavy rain, I accidentally left my smartphone at home. It was the first time I had ever done that—and of all days, it had to happen on the very day I needed an e-ticket! Disappointed with myself, I quietly prayed and placed everything into God's hands. 😿
When we arrived at the venue, I tried to display my QR code using T-san's phone. However, because it was being accessed from another device, the system required an authentication code, which had been sent to the phone I had left at home. 😅 I panicked for a moment, but my name and seat number were visible on her screen, so I quickly showed my ID instead. The staff kindly said, "Please be more careful next time," and allowed me to enter without the QR code. Thank You, God!
Watching Kogun—who could hardly speak Japanese five years ago—sing, dance, and introduce each song in Japanese with such sincerity, I was deeply moved by how much effort he must have put into learning the language.
Then came another unexpected surprise. Since I usually don't take two-shot photos with the artist, I was leaving the venue by myself. The moment I opened the exit door, I literally bumped into Kogun. Completely caught off guard, all I could do was give him a small bow with a surprised look on my face. It's funny how no words come out when you're totally taken by surprise! 😅
To make things even more challenging, we had taken a taxi from Shibuya—where we had lunch—to a point near the venue in Omotesando. That meant I now had to find my way alone to either Omotesando or Shibuya Station. I have such a terrible sense of direction that I can't even retrace my own route, so I wondered how on earth I would get back without my phone. 😅
Normally, all the information I need is on my phone. Fortunately, I had looked at a map the day before and vaguely remembered that I needed to follow a street called "Lohas-dori" near Omotesando Station. As I carefully retraced my steps, I spotted a street sign for Lohas-dori on a utility pole and followed it.
Before long, the familiar streets of Omotesando came into view. Although I rarely visit the area, I had walked there several times on my way to concerts in the past. I remembered that if I turned left and kept walking straight, I would eventually reach Meiji-jingumae Station. Walking through Omotesando in the rain felt almost like strolling through a city overseas, and before I knew it, I had reached the station and even managed to catch an express train home without any problems. Not bad for someone with such a poor sense of direction, right? 🤣
Ironically, because I had left my smartphone at home, I spent the train ride completely absorbed in a book I had bought the day before: How I Passed the Eiken Grade 1 Exam at the Age of 72 through Self-Study. It also gave me a few new insights.
Looking back, what began as an embarrassing mistake turned into an unexpectedly memorable day.
この本の著者は、江田信久さんという吃音カウンセリングを仕事にされている73歳の方です。70歳になった時に思い立って英検1級を目指し、72歳の時に5回目のチャレンジで合格された方です。私が興味を持ったのは、彼もクリスチャンだったからです。この方を知ったのは、1年前のこのYouTubeです。
YouTubeを初めて観た時は、「この方はどんな勉強法で英検1級に合格したのだろう」と純粋に興味を持ちました。華やかな英語力を前面に出すタイプではなく、どのように学び続けたのか知りたくなったのです。そして、3ヶ月前に出版されたこの本を買い、先週土曜日はスマホを家に置き忘れて電子チケットのライブに行きましたが、この本はバッグに入れていたので、行き帰りと自宅で一気に読みました。(スマホを忘れた話は、又後ほど…😅)
江田さんの英検受験は、高校の時に2級を取得して以来の挑戦だったとのことで更に驚きました。今は準1級もありますし、約半世紀ぶりの受験なわけです。かなりのチャレンジャーで、「学びを止めることは、成長を止めること」の強い信念を持っておられます。
私も主にあって(in the Lord)かなりポジティブで、「何かをするのに遅すぎることはない」と思っていて、「諦める」ことが苦手です。これまでも、年齢に関係なく色々なことを始めています。なので、「私もそう!」「同じ!」と、江田さんに共感することは多々ありました。
そして、一番興味を持ったのは彼の勉強法でした。驚いたことに、彼は自宅で1日の殆どをオンラインでの仕事に充てているという事でした。その仕事の隙間時間を使って、1日2時間程度を勉強に充てていたのです。そして参考書を使いませんでした。
色々そろえたようですが、実際に活用したのは次の3つでした。
リスニングは、犬の散歩をしながら、イヤホンを装着し、単語帳アプリや、NHKワールドJapanをひたすら流し、ニュースのシャドーイングまでしていたそうです。ライティングに関しては、自分の書いた英文を主に「Grammarly」に添削してもらっていました。
英語以前に幅広い知識を求められる為、どのような勉強をしていたか気になりました。江田さんは、トピック別(環境、労働、人権、経済等)に何十もの項目別に、独自のノートを作って、1次試験、2次試験にも役に立てていました。
又、年齢的なこともあると思いますが、重点を置かれていたのは、とにかく繰り返すことや復習でした。私はNHKラジオの各国語学番組を聴いていますが、聴きっぱなして復習を殆どしていませんでした。勉強した気になっていたことを反省しました。😅
私が一番驚いたのは、ネイティブの友達と話したり、英会話学校に一切通っていなかったことです。では、どうやってスピーキング対策をしたのかが謎でした。彼はインプットを徹底していて、1次試験対策のノウハウを2次試験でも活用していたようです。
私が一番心にささったというか、気づきとなったのは、私は完璧を目指していたために挫折し苦しむばかりだったということです。1日のノルマを細かく計画しすぎて、それが達成しないと自分を責めるようなことばかりで、楽しむことはありませんでした。😅
江田さんは、細かい計画を立てるようなことはせず、無理はせず、「好きなことに楽しんで取り組んで」勉強をされていました。一部彼の勉強法と重なることはありました。正社員時代、通勤に往復3時間近くかかっていたので、電車の中が勉強部屋でした。
振り返れば、私は学生時代から、英単語を覚える時はいつもバスや電車の中でした。家で机に向かって覚えることは難しく、変化がある環境の方が覚えやすいのです。それで、昨日から『でる順パス単』を早天祈祷会(an early morning prayer meeting) の帰りに聴くことから始めました。細かい計画は立てずに、ゆったりと楽しみながら、学びを続けようと思います。